For example, a wave generated at 60 cycles per second has a frequency of 60 hz and can be expressed as 60s. How can it make sense to use the same word wave for all these disparate. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. In a longitudinal sound wave propagating in a gas, the vibrations are the displacements of the air molecules or pressure or density. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. The waves having the property where all the individual particles experience displacement perpendicular to the direction of the propagation of the wave. Download cbse class 11th revision notes for chapter 15 waves class 11 notes physics in pdf format for free. Sound is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears. The wave basically carries the energy being transferred from one particle to the neighbouring particle. The physics classroom physics tutorial vibrations and waves. Ncert cbse notes for class 9 science physics chapter 12 sound. Production of sound sound is produced due to the vibration of objects. Boundary conditions applied to pulses and waves pdf lecture 9.
A wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space. This type of traveling wave is called a longitudinal wave. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves. The physics classroom tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easytounderstand language.
Notes on wave properties and interference definition a form of energy transfer between objects, or that which transmits energy. The particle in the water moves in a circular path as the wave goes by. This is demonstrated b y the wellknown experiment of the bell in the jar. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. The motion is transferred continuously from one particle to its neighbouring particle.
The wave in which the particle experiences displacement parallel to the direction of the propagation. Pythagoras observed in 550 bce that vibrating strings produced sound, and worked to. Wave motion is devoted to the cross fertilization of ideas, and to stimulating interaction between workers in various research areas in which wave propagation phenomena play a dominant role. Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Examples of wave motion include waves on strings, water waves, seismic waves. Types of wave motion wave motion is mainly two types.
Wave motion is the transfer of energy and momentum from one point of the medium to another point of the medium without actual transport of matter between two points. If sx,t is the position of a small element relative to its. Characteristics of wave the characteristics of waves are as follows. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. The document covers class 12 physics notes on sound waves containing top concepts like wave motion, mechanical wave motion, progressive wave, superposition principle, stationary waves etc. The period t is the time for one wave to pass a given point. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. In a general sense, anything that moves back and forth, to and fro, side to side, in and out, or up and down is vibrating.
So a sound wave can be considered as either a displacement wave or a pressure wave, with the pressure. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. You can calculate the speed of a wave if you know its. We will start with periodic motion for the rst two lectures, with our speci c examples being the motion of a mass attached to the end of a spring, and the pendulum. Echolocation waves can have frequencies of about 100,000 hz. Phy2048 notes from florida atlantic university calculusbased. The oscillations are normal to the direction of wave motion along the string, so this is an example of transverse wave. Wave motionis the disturbance, set up in the medium, due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium and travels from the particle to particle, the particles themselves keep vibrating about their mean positions. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles of the medium. Much of our current understanding of wave motion has come from the study of acoustics.
From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Apr 22, 2019 a wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. It is usually drawn by joining down all the crests. Revision notes on waves and sound waves askiitians. Jun 25, 2019 waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 waves wave is a form of disturbance which travels through a material medium due to the repeated f periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean positions without any actual transportation of matter. As any one of these waves moves through a medium, the wave produces. Pdf view jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 12 mar 8, 2020 pdf nv sir 11th class physics notes for jee and boards feb 27, 2020 pdf download nv sir physics notes complete for jee feb 22, 2020.
While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of. A vibrating drumhead, for instance, alternately compresses and rarefies the air in contact with it, producing a longitudinal wave that travels outward in the air, as shown in fig. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits. Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and check your understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is taught. The faster waves travel, the more crests or compressions pass by you each second. Waves class 11 notes physics chapter 15 learn cbse. Wave motion, propagation of disturbancesthat is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibriumfrom place to place in a regular and organized way. Chapter 10 wave motion 343 would look like if our eyes were sensitive to very subtle pressure variationsfigure 10. Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter 15 waves. Phase velocity is the speed of the crests of the wave. Mechanical waves those waves which require a material medium for their propagation, are called mechanical waves, e. Types of wave motionwave motion is mainly two types. Notes on wave properties michigan state university.
Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good understanding of how sound is produced, modified, and measured. Download revision notes for waves class 11 notes physics and score high in exams. A source of vibration motion of an object is normally a source of sound. Jul 18, 2018 wave motion and sound pdf wave motion physics class 12 wave motion wave motion and waves on a string. As the sound source moves towards the observer the crests are closer to one. This wave will be moving with a phase velocity given by vphase. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Wave motion is classified into three different ways they are, the medium of propagation, the dimensions in which a wave propagates energy, the energy transfer. If the string is very long compared position as the pulse or wave passes through them.
All matter transmits soundall matter transmits sound to some extentto some extent, but a material medium is needed between the source and the receiver to propagate sound. The period and wavelength of a wave on this string are 3. In this case, the individual points along the medium the spring travel back and forth parallel to the motion of the pulse. The distance of the wave moved in one second in the medium. Conceptual ideas develop logically and sequentially, ultimately leading into the mathematics of the topics. These are the waves class 11 notes physics prepared by team of expert teachers. Important basic characteristics of waves are wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency. Class 11 physics revision notes for chapter 15 waves free pdf download.
Lecture notes physics iii physics mit opencourseware. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. The wave equation, solutions to the wave equation lecture 8. Characteristics of the medium required for the propagation of sound.
The disturbance of the medium is energy traveling through a medium. Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves periodic motion. Vibration is the rapid to and fro motion of an object. Wave types transvers e causes the medium to vibrate perpendicular to wave motion o violin strings when plucked have transverse waves longitudinal causes the medium to vibrate parallel to wave motion o sound wave compression pulse single disturbance traveling through the me dium properties. A wave is a vibratory disturbance in a medium which carries energy from one point to another point without any actual movement of the medium. In nearly all areas of science and therefore real life energy is transferred via the vibrations that make up waves.
Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. Wave equation in 2d and 3d, timeindependent fourier analysis. Part 2 wave motion and sound the general discussion of wave motion is important because the ideas of wave propagation are ubiquitous. Different musical notes are obtained by changing the frequency of the. Periodic waves are reflected and inverted and interfere with one another creating standing waves. Notes on sound chapter 15 michigan state university. A wave is the motion of a disturbance traveling through a medium not the motion of the medium itself. Wave equation in 2d and 3d, timeindependent fourier analysis pdf.
It is the imaginary line on a wave that joins all points that are in same phase. This website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free. Modernphysics class12 aipmt cbse wavemotion mechanicalmotion progressivewave superpositionprinciple. Example problems problem 1 a the middle c string on a piano is under a tension of 944 n. Waves a wave is a disturbance that pppg gropagates through space and time, usually with transferrance of energy. The description and analysis of wave propagation phenomena provides a unifying thread connecting diverse areas. Waves and oscillation first half of notes general physics i notes from etsu calculusbased vibrations and waves second half of notes sound first half of notes important equations. Ancient greek philosophers, many of whom were interested in music, hypothesized that there was a connection between waves and sound, and that vibrations, or disturbances, must be responsible for sounds.
To visualize wave motion and develop intuition about waves. Wave motion is a form of disturbance which travels through a medium due to the repeated periodic motion of the particles of the medium about their mean position. These pressure disturbances move out into the surrounding air at approximately 330 meters per second i. Frequency of the wave f is the number of waves passing a given point in a unit of time. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of.
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